Multiple results chain – Tobacco

A multiple results chain is a visual representation of the contributions of partners to a shared outcome.
The chain starts at the bottom and works up through seven rows to the High-Level Outcome. Each of the first five rows is divided into five columns.

Level 1: Input
Partners are, from left to right,1) NHS 2) Voluntary Organisations 3) Local Authorities -schools 4) Local authorities –Licensing 5) Local Authorities –smoking ban enforcement.

Level 2: Activities
Activities are, from left to right,1) Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Brief advice
2) NRT, Brief advice and Support 3) Brief Advice 4) Enforcement of laws on under-age sales 5) Enforcement of smoking ban.

Level 3: Outputs
From left to right, 1) Smoking cessation services, 2) Outreach Smoking Cessation Services 3) Outreach services for Young People 4) Tobacco Retail Sales 5) Smoke-free public places.

Level 4: Reach
From left to right, 1) Adult smokers, 2) Hard-to-reach smokers 3) Young irregular smokers 4) Under 18s  5) General public.

Level 5: Short-term Outcomes
From left to right, 1) Increased quit rate 2) Increased quit rate 3) Reduced frequency of smoking 4) Compliance with laws 5) Compliance with laws.

Level 6: Intermediate Outcomes

Left box : Behaviour; Reduced adult smoking rates
                                  Reduced uptake of smoking by young people

Right box: Environments;
	      Reduced exposure to second-hand smoke
	      Reduced availability of tobacco to under 18 year olds

Level 7: High-level Outcomes
1) Improved well-being
2) Reduced inequalities in healthy life expectancy
3) Reduced inequalities in Coronary Heart Disease and cancers.