Publication

Indicators for health education in Scotland; summary of findings from the 1996 Health Education Population Survey (HEPS)

Contents:Introduction
The Health Education Population Survey
Disease prevention
Behavioural risk factors
Stages of behaviour change
Smoking
Diet / nutrition
Physical activity
Mental health
Accidents / safety
Dental / oral health
Sexual health
Alcohol
Drug misuse
Conclusions
References

Stages of behaviour change

The process by which individuals go about changing often long-establishedbehaviours is a complex one and is the focus of a number of psychologicaltheories. There is accumulating evidence to support the stages of changemodel developed by Prochaska and DiClemente (1982) as a means of targeting andevaluating health promotion initiatives. The five stages proposed by this model(pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance) are usedin HEPS as the basis for questions about changing the following health damagingbehaviours: smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity and heavy drinking.

For the purposes of this report, the population of interest consists ofrespondents who perceive themselves as having an unhealthy lifestyle inrelation to the above behaviours. The stages of change therefore relate tothose who describe themselves as smokers, having an unhealthy diet, being unfitor being heavy drinkers.

Indicator: The proportion of people aged 16-74 who describe themselvesas having a health damaging behaviour, and who

  1. are not yet considering taking action to change that behaviour(pre-contemplation)
  2. would like to try taking action to change that behaviour (contemplation)
  3. intend to try taking action to change that behaviour in the next 6 months(preparation)
  4. are currently trying to change that behaviour (action)
  5. have changed that behaviour and are maintaining the change (maintenance).

Figure 5 shows the proportions of respondents at thedifferent stages of change for each behaviour.

Figure 5: Percentage of respondents in each stage of change by behaviour

Percentage of people who
describe themselves as:

smokers

having an unhealthy diet

unfit

heavy drinkers

who are in the following stages:

       

pre-contemplation

21

44

41

49

contemplation

16

13

9

5

preparation

14

8

16

11

action

32

20

20

22

maintenance

16

14

13

13

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